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Ulcer in Mouth Causes and How to Treat 
Oral Health

Ulcer in Mouth: Causes and How to Treat 

Mouth ulcers, commonly referred to as canker sores, are small lesions that develop on the soft tissues inside your mouth. While they’re usually harmless, these painful sores can interfere with eating, drinking, and speaking. Knowing the causes and best treatments can help alleviate discomfort quickly and prevent future occurrences. Below, we’ll explore the latest insights into what causes mouth ulcers and the most effective ways to treat them. 

What Are Mouth Ulcers? 

Mouth ulcers are round or oval sores typically found on the inner cheeks, lips, gums, or tongue. They have a white or yellow center surrounded by red, inflamed tissue. These ulcers are not contagious, unlike cold sores, and they often resolve on their own within one to two weeks. However, recurring or severe cases may indicate underlying health issues that require attention. 


Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers 

Understanding the triggers behind mouth ulcers is crucial for effective management. Here are the most common causes: 

1. Minor Injuries to the Mouth 

Small injuries such as accidental cheek bites, overzealous brushing, or irritation from dental appliances like braces can lead to mouth ulcers. Even sharp or jagged teeth can aggravate the inner lining of the mouth, causing sores to form. 

2. Nutritional Deficiencies 

A lack of essential nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, iron, zinc, or folic acid, can result in mouth ulcers. These deficiencies weaken your body’s ability to repair damaged tissues, making ulcers more likely to occur. 

3. Food Sensitivities 

Certain foods, especially spicy, acidic, or salty items, can irritate the mouth’s lining and trigger ulcers. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and low pH snacks are common culprits. 

4. Stress and Hormonal Changes 

Prolonged physical or emotional stress weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to ulcers. Similarly, hormonal shifts during menstruation or pregnancy can be contributing factors. 

5. Underlying Health Conditions 

Chronic illnesses such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or Behçet’s disease can manifest as persistent mouth ulcers. Additionally, impaired immune systems from conditions like HIV/AIDS or autoimmune disorders may lead to more frequent outbreaks. 

6. Medications 

Certain drugs, such as NSAIDs or beta-blockers, may increase the likelihood of developing mouth ulcers as a side effect. Chemotherapy treatments can also lead to a condition known as oral mucositis, which resembles mouth ulcers. 


How to Treat Mouth Ulcers 

Addressing mouth ulcers effectively involves a combination of symptom management and tackling the underlying causes. Here are some proven treatment methods, updated with the latest insights into ulcer care. 

1. Saltwater Rinse 

Salt has natural antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties that soothe sore areas and promote healing. 

  • How to Use: Mix half a teaspoon of salt into a glass of warm water. Swish the solution around your mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out. Repeat 3–4 times daily. 

2. Apply Honey 

Honey is recognized for its soothing and antimicrobial qualities. Studies show that honey can accelerate the healing process of mouth ulcers while reducing pain. 

  • How to Use: Dab a small amount of raw honey directly onto the ulcer multiple times a day. 

3. Over-the-Counter Gels and Mouthwashes 

Pharmaceutical products, such as those containing benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide, provide temporary pain relief and help reduce swelling. 

  • Examples: Look for gels like Orajel, which numb the affected area, or antibacterial mouthwashes to prevent infection. 

4. Hydrogen Peroxide Solution 

Hydrogen peroxide cleans the sore and prevents bacterial infection. 

  • How to Use: Dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide with equal parts water. Apply it to the ulcer using a cotton swab or rinse your mouth gently. 

5. Boost Your Nutrition 

Ensure your body is getting the nutrients it needs by incorporating iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate into your diet. 

  • Rich Sources: Eggs, leafy green vegetables, salmon, nuts, and whole grains are excellent choices. 

6. Aloe Vera 

Aloe vera gel is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. 

  • How to Use: Apply fresh aloe vera gel to the sore or rinse your mouth with aloe vera juice twice daily. 

7. Coconut Oil 

Coconut oil is effective in reducing inflammation and preventing bacterial growth. 

  • How to Use: Dab a small amount of organic coconut oil directly on the sore several times a day. 

8. Avoid Triggers 

Identify and eliminate personal triggers such as specific foods or habits like teeth grinding. Switching to a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) can also help. 

Healthy Oral Care Routine

Preventing Mouth Ulcers 

While treatments can alleviate pain and accelerate healing, prevention is key to reducing the frequency of mouth ulcers. 

1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene 

Brush gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush and clean your mouth thoroughly twice a day. Floss daily to remove plaque buildup without irritating gums. 

2. Manage Stress Levels 

Regularly engage in relaxing activities like yoga, meditation, or even a short daily walk to reduce stress. 

3. Stay Hydrated 

Drink adequate water throughout the day to keep your mouth moist and support tissue repair. Dehydration can exacerbate mouth ulcers. 

4. Eat a Balanced Diet 

Focus on a nutrient-rich diet to avoid deficiencies that can cause ulcers. Incorporate a mix of fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains into your meals. 

5. Regular Dental Checkups 

Attend routine dental visits to detect and address potential issues before they worsen. Dentists can also provide personalized advice if you experience recurring ulcers. 


When to See a Doctor 

Although most mouth ulcers heal within one to two weeks, some may require professional treatment. See a healthcare provider if:

  • The ulcer lasts for more than two weeks. 
  • You experience significant pain or difficulty eating and speaking. 
  • Additional symptoms like fever or swollen lymph nodes accompany the ulcers. 
  • Ulcers recur frequently without an apparent cause. 

Chronic or severe ulcers might signal an underlying health problem that needs attentive care. 


Final Thoughts 

Mouth ulcers are uncomfortable and inconvenient, but they’re manageable with the right knowledge and treatments. From saltwater rinses to nutrition-focused prevention strategies, these solutions can relieve pain and promote faster healing. Understanding the causes, eliminating triggers, and consulting a healthcare provider when necessary will help minimize discomfort and prevent future outbreaks. 

Start applying these actionable tips today to take control of your oral health and reduce the impact of mouth ulcers on your daily life.

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